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Why the Modi government gets away with lies, and how the opposition could change that

As with Putin’s Russia and Trump’s America, India faces a ‘fire-hosing of falsehood’. Mere fact-checking won’t defeat it.

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The Narendra Modi government announces a grand stimulus ‘package’ that it claims is worth Rs 20 lakh crore or ‘10 per cent’ of India’s GDP. But barely a fraction of it is new money being pumped into the economy. What is made to look like a stimulus is mostly a grand loan mela.

The Modi government is making hungry migrant labourers pay train fare. When this became a political hot potato, it said it was paying 85 per cent per cent of the fare and the state governments were paying the rest 15 per cent. Truth was that that 85 per cent was notional subsidy — in effect, the migrants were being charged the usual fare, and in some places, even more.

If no one else, at least the endless sea of migrant labourers would be able to see through the ‘85 per cent’ lie. It is curious that the Modi government openly lies — lies that are obvious and blatant. Just a few examples:

Narendra Modi said on the top of his voice that there had been no talk of a National Register of Citizens (NRC) in his government, when in fact both the President of India and the Home Minister had said it in Parliament.

Narendra Modi said the purpose of demonetisation was to destroy black money but when that didn’t work, his government kept changing goal-posts. Many lies to hide one truth: that demonetisation had failed.

Electoral bonds make political donations opaque, but the Modi government says they bring transparency. The full list of the Modi government’s lies could fill a library.


Also read: Indians are fighting against coronavirus and BJP IT cell is fighting against Indians


Doublethink

The Modi government has made lying an art form. This non-stop obvious lying was described by George Orwell as doublethink: “Every message from the extremely repressive leadership reverses the truth. Officials repeat ‘war is peace’ and ‘freedom is slavery,’ for example. The Ministry of Truth spreads lies. The Ministry of Love tortures lovers.”

People are thus expected to believe as true what is clearly false, and also take at face value mutually contradictory statements. The Modi government talked about NRC, but it also did not talk about it. The Modi government is making migrants pay for train fares, but at the same time, it is not charging them. Doublethink also applies other Orwellian principles — Newspeak, Doublespeak, Thoughtcrime, etc.

But why do people accept it all so willingly? Why do the people who are lied to every day go and vote for the same BJP?

There are many obvious answers to this question: weak opposition, mouthpiece media, social media manipulation, and Modi’s personality cult that makes his voters repose great faith in him.

But the lies are so obvious, you wonder why anyone would lie so obviously. Surely, when someone is caught lying they can’t be considered credible anymore?

What’s happening here is the plain assertion of power. Our politics has become a contest of who gets to lie and get away with it and who will have to go on a back-foot when their lies are caught.

When the Modi government lies so blatantly, it is basically saying: ‘Yes we will lie to make a mockery of your questions. Do what you can.’


Also read: WhatsApp warriors during Covid-19 crisis — first line of defence for PM Modi


Fire-hosing of falsehood

In 2016, Christopher Paul and Miriam Matthews wrote a paper for RAND Corporation, an American think-tank, in which they analysed propaganda techniques used by the Vladimir Putin government in Russia. They called it the “Firehose of Falsehood” (read it here). The Russian model is not to simply make you believe a lie — the lie is often so obviously a lie, you’d be a fool to believe it. The idea is to “entertain, confuse and overwhelm” the audience.

They identified four distinct features of the Putin propaganda model, all of which are true for the Modi propaganda machinery as well, as they are for Donald Trump’s.

1) High volume and multi-channel: The Modi propaganda machine will bombard people with a message through multiple channels. By “multiple” we really mean multiple — you will even see Twitter handles claiming to be Indian Muslims saying the same things as the far-Right Hindutva handles. Of course, some of the Muslim handles are fake. But when you see everyone from Akshay Kumar to Tabassum Begum support an idea, you’re inclined to doubt yourself. If everyone from Rubika Liyaquat to your WhatsApp-fed uncle is saying the same thing, it must be right. If so many people are saying the Citizenship (Amendment) Act will grant citizenship and not take it away, they must be right.

2) Rapid, continuous and repetitive: The hashtags, memes and emotionally charged videos will be ready before any announcement is made. The moment the announcement is made, both social and mainstream media will start bombarding you with messages in support of it. The volume and speed of the propaganda will barely leave you with the mind space to judge for yourself.

While the government will be careful to avoid saying it is not charging migrants, its deniable propaganda proxies will go around suggesting exactly that until the voice of the doubters has been drowned out. (A liberal journalist I know actually thought the migrants were not having to pay train fares anymore.)

3) Lacks commitment to objective reality: In other words, fake news. We know why fake news works: confirmation bias, information overload, emotional manipulation, the willingness to believe a message when it is shared by a trusted friend, and so on. There’s no dearth of this in the Modi propaganda ecosystem. There are countless fake news factories like OpIndia and Postcard News. Moreover, the mainstream media itself has been co-opted to manufacture fake news at scale, as the absolutely fictional charges of JNU students wanting India to be split into pieces (“Tukde tukde gang”) shows.

PM Modi himself is happy to lie for political posturing: from attributing a fake quote to Omar Abdullah, to saying there are no detention centres in the country, to exaggerating all kinds of data.

4) Lacks commitment to consistency: This is the bit where the fake news and claims are exposed, and yet they don’t hurt the leader. One day the Modi government says demonetisation is for destroying black money and next day it says it was to push cashless transactions, and third day it says the idea was to widen the tax base.

Ordinarily, such contradictions should hurt the credibility of Modi and his government. But, coupled with the three points above, the RAND researchers suggest, “fire hosing” manages to sell the changed narrative as new information, a change of opinion, or just new, advanced or supplementary facts presented by different actors.


Also read: Nearly 18,000 Twitter accounts spread ‘fake news’ for BJP, 147 do it for Congress: Study


How to fight the fire-hosing of falsehood

The RAND corporation researchers also suggest five ways for the United States to counter the Russian “fire-hosing of falsehood”. These are applicable to any actor who undertakes this propaganda model, including Modi and Trump.

1. First Information Report: Try to be the first in presenting information on a particular issue. In shaping public opinion, the first impression can be the last impression. (With our lazy opposition, this ain’t happening, but the Congress party’s announcement of paying train fares for migrant labourers was one example of creating the first impression of an issue.)

2. Highlight the lying, not just the lies: The world needs fact-checkers, but they’re not going to be able to stop the fire-hosing of falsehood. That’s like taking paracetamol for Covid-19. You may need it for the fever, but it won’t kill the virus.What might treat the virus of fire-hosing, however, according to the RAND researchers, is to chip away at the credibility of the liar by simply pointing out that he’s a serial liar. M.K. Gandhi’s assertion of truth as the core of his politics, for example, served the purpose of painting the British colonial rule as being based on falsehoods.

3. Identify and attack the goal of the propaganda: Instead of simply fact-checking the propaganda, the political opponents need to understand the objective of the lies and attack those. So, if the objective of lying about migrants having to pay for train fares is to not let them travel for free, the opposition should spend great time and energy addressing migrant labourers about how the government is being insensitive to their plight. This will take a lot more work on the ground, and simply tweeting facts won’t be enough.

4. Compete: Across the world, fire-hosing of falsehood is becoming a powerful propaganda tool. Those who want to defeat such propaganda may have to do their own fire-hosing of falsehood. As the Hindi saying goes, iron cuts iron. When public opinion is being manipulated with fake news and lies, the opposition cannot win the game with mere fact-checking. It may have to do its own rapid and continuous misinformation with little regard for the truth. The RAND researchers suggest this is what the US should do against Russia.

5. Turn off the tap: Lastly, attack the opponent’s supply chain of lies. If opposition-ruled states are not cracking down on fake news and communal hate-mongers in their states, for example, they’re making a huge mistake.

The author is contributing editor to ThePrint. Views are personal.

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313 COMMENTS

  1. You please check the information correctly and then post it okay. Don’t try to make fools to people. Those migrants came from other state to their home please take information from them. This data is given by opposition team. You please check information

  2. No one is 100% right ..but the wiser thing is compare him to all his previous successors and then decide..
    Compare the policies for now and the past and then decide ..
    Some may be good and some may have turned bad …
    Look at the larger impact , net off – positive or negative …
    We are not talking about a mohalla , it’s about a country
    It’s a balance of all ..
    These are my personal views and not advocating any political party or any ideology whatsoever

  3. Thanks for the eye opening article.
    But I think nothing done by the government will ever be enough for ” The print”

    Any article on how people were affected due to the protests on road against Kashmiri issues.
    Shaheen baug in short.

  4. The reason why people keep on voting for the BJP again and again is because 1) They want to protect the 5,000 year old Indian civilization, culture, race, and religion from Muslim invaders (who are not Indian), and 2) They want free market economic reform in labor markets, land markets, and capital markets to drive industrialization and manufacturing sector led growth.

    Hindutva + Free Market Capitalism is why I support the BJP.

    • Finally Solving the Katua Problem (India was Katua Free before 1200 AD) + Developed, Industrialized India with a GDP per capita above $40,000 is possible by the end of the 21st century.

  5. How do you know what is fake news and what is true news? Is true news news that glorify Sonia Maimo? Congress stooge Shivam Vij is a pathetic loser who thinks he can tell what is “fake news” and what is “true news.” Apparently, according to him, anything that glorifies the BJP or Modi is “fake news.”

  6. Article is shitting all around with stink of hatred, helplessness and series of lies one bigger than the other. Indians are lucky to have an absolutely uncorruptible PM and most uncorrupted Govt. at Delhi. For swindlers such times are opportunity to loot at will. No one accepts your shit because truth prevails all around.

  7. Point no. 2 on “how to fight this fire hosing” made my heart sink. I just realised that I could not get a stronger reason to mourn for the state of my country today after knowing that some well accomplished American research organisation has to tell me how to fight falsehood with Gandhain principles.
    We really failed you, Bapu !!

  8. Another Congress stoog at work… Atleast the author went to grammar school… The only feather to this worthless piece of journalism..

  9. I will tell you one more example of double think.
    Government wants to scientifically study alternative medicine.
    But it will ignore any studies that say they don’t work.
    For them, science is not a tool for truth, it is a tool to twist to rationalize false beliefs.

  10. How ” The Print” get away with false news and manufactured news??
    And how the government can fix these media brokers.

    • Mr Sriram: Do you have similar opinions of platforms like Republic TV which only sing praises to your beloved Gujarati genius?

      • Arnab does it in the most entertaining way 😉 Rewriting the textbook of Journalism with his inimitable style. I avoid watching that, but I happened to stumble upon one day, or rather tune in out of curiosity and what I find is he is yelling at someone and saying ” APOLOGIZE APOLOGIZE!! NOW!

  11. Obviously Vij’s lies, and the opposition’s fire- hosing of falsehood is not working, as they should. People still believe the opposition to be corrupt along with hangers on like Vij and his ilk. Bash on regardless, for who knows? This may result in a change after 25 – 30 years? Maybe? Huh?

  12. A government b which lies to its people, is shameless, useless, incompetent which can only bring disasters, hunger, destructions

  13. So you are saying CAA takes away citizenship? Please kindly provide proof of it (the protestors at Shaheen Bagh are not a proof). Please provide documentary proof and wordings in the Act please. TIA.

    • Take simple example of Assam. 20 lakh people have been classified as doubtful citizens out of which there are 5 lakh Muslims and 15 lakh Hindus. Based on NPR and NRC, all of them should ideally be sent out of the country. Now comes the game changer in CAB. All religions except Muslims will be granted citizenship of India without documents if they are foreigners. Hence all the 15 lakh doubtful Hindu citizens will get the citizenship back based on CAB and the remaining 5 lakh Muslims will be asked to leave the country. Now, no country will accept these 5 lakh Muslims and these Indian citizens will be treated like refugees and put into refugee camps taking away all their rights as Indians. This is the grand scheme of BJP and RSS which is clearly visible to people who are just and want to open their eyes and look at things without where religious glasses.

      Hope humanity within you and your religious teachings remind you how wrong this is…

  14. #trajectoryofdefeat#
    It appears that PM Modi has abandoned “the path that India had taken with our limited resources” that had “become a topic of discussion in the entire world” (PM Modi 14 April 2020). With the current north-east trajectory of Covid-19 cases, India appears set to go past Italy Spain France and Germany in June, and compete with the United States for the top spot in July. This ’trajectory of defeat’ in the comparative race to control the spread of the virus was clearly visible when PM decided to loosen Lockdown3 wef 4th May, proclaiming that complete lockdowns had served the purpose of arresting the spread of the virus. The concealment of the spread during the complete lockdown through low testing for one reason or the other is evident from increase in testing since the beginning of May, which led to an escalation in number of cases. The low rate of testing was possibly meant to highlight the success of the complete lockdown.
    While the increase in testing and simultaneous restart of economic activity may explain the increase in number of positive cases, if fatalities also increased it would compromise PM Modi’s apparent stance that no cost was high if lives could be saved.
    So the focus now is not so much on controlling the total number of positive cases, but rather to restart the economy without substantially increasing the aggregate fatalities or the fatality rate. As lockdown 4 approaches, talk about embracing some sort of ‘herd immunity’, envisaged much earlier by Dr Muliyil of CMC Vellore, appears to be gaining momentum in informed circles and media. The default option of herd immunity was always available.
    The danger of increase in fatalities due to increase in number of cases on account of a more liberal Lockdown4 is especially important in the context of the contested euphoria around the 20 lac crore self-reliance package and the congratulatory messages to PM Modi from friend like Bill Gates. If India were to reach the number 2 or No 1 spot even for total positive cases it would be a huge setback for India and for PM Modi’s self-crafted image ‘Modi hai to mumkin hai”. It could also lead to reimposition if lockdown in the nature of Lockdown3.
    The possible move towards some sort of herd immunity without endangering the security of senior citizens with co-morbidities in a climate of liberalised economic activity, is a difficult path. PM Modi will have to clearly spell out the delicate path while ushering in Lockdown4.

    • While your aforementioned analysis is very complicated, I have no reason to reject it. I don’t like to believe that the people running the govt and driving the these decisions would have forethought on that scale, especially the part where you mention that testing (lack of) could have helped fake the numbers.
      If India does outnumber Russia, it should not be a setback. The PR guru would find a clever excuse, in that India is tenfold more populous than Russia.

      .

    • The reason why people keep on voting for the BJP again and again is because 1) They want to protect the 5,000 year old Indian civilization, culture, race, and religion from Muslim invaders (who are not Indian), and 2) They want free market economic reform in labor markets, land markets, and capital markets to drive industrialization and manufacturing sector led growth.

      Hindutva + Free Market Capitalism is why I support the BJP.

      • Sanja Mishra: According to you, Muslims who live in India presently – 200 million of them – are invaders. And they are not Indians according to you. So what does your Hindutva brain – which incidentally is no different from that of a rabid Al Qaeda Islamist brain – suggest that one does to the 200 million Muslims ? Put them in concentration camps and exterminate them like what Adolf Hitler, the proponent of Nazism and the main source of inspiration for Hindutva did ? After all, your man Amit Shah has called them termites hasn’t he? Or should they be thrown into the sea as he has also suggested ?

        And then what should be done to Christians – they too are invaders aren’t they ? And they too threaten the 5000 year old Indian civilisation don’t they ? And then Sikhs – did they not kill many, many Hindus during the Khalistan struggles when they wanted to leave India and carve out a separate state? And then we have Parsis, Jains, atheists, tribals etc. etc. What do you want to do to them Mr Mishra ? Are they cockroaches ?

        Also, what should be done to the tribes of Andaman Islands? Any plan you might have for the chaps in Sentinel Island? They are certainly not Hindus Mr Mishra and they are bloody aggressive towards Indians and even missionaries, last time I checked.

        Care to update your plans for all these bloody non-Hindu invaders of the 5000 year old civilisation Mr Mishra?

        • It pains me that religion forms the basis of most of our decisions and serves as the single-most parameter to assess someone’s character. How is one religion better or worse than the other? It is all about competition. The whole concept is evil and unnecessary. In all probability, religion was invented as a tool to evade adversities and nature’s atrocities. Any new paradigm gives birth to competition, and that’s why multiple religions. You all harbor so much humility for your ancestors who were possibly deceived, invaded and humiliated. If they were strong enough, they wouldn’t have been. Let’s show some compassion for the living Hindus, and if you like, Muslims too, who walked and are walking barefoot across borders to reach home. Rant not about a 1000 year old past.

        • Mr. Jolsiar, I think you and I and a number of neutral, informed and well meaning people who try to shed some light on the truth seem to be wearing ourselves out by trying to convince these morons that it is out in the open for them to see. But our misinformed middle class and then some, keep clinging on to the fantasy tale about a once “powerful nation called Bharat” (when indeed anybody who’s passed high school knows that there never was an India or Bharat before the British arrived), blinding themselves completely to the shocking state of affairs. These shameless people have only One thing in common and that is an absolute communal hatred, deep rooted through the generations, handed down from father to son. Even though we find our country in shambles (and that doesn’t need a Shivam Vij to testify), our complacent middle class shower the “Prophet” with praises and are effusive in their admiration for him. Modi and his RSS stooges have tried their level best to hide the shameless truths of their forefathers’ subservience to the British, and have greatly succeeded in portraying them as heroes, while turning the tables on the true visionaries such as Pandit Nehru. I pity these people who lap up with great relish the tales spun by the very people who murdered the Father of Our Nation, some of them even calling his murderer a “Hindu Lion”. How may these losers take the liberty to take the side of a thief with blood on his hands, and supplicate, prostrate before “He Who Must Not Be Questioned”, and proclaim that he’s a true “Nationalist”, while in fact he’s just another lackey, expendable, like any other Indian. The plight of the migrant labourers is just another of those words which will go down as another jumla prior to the next election. As you rightly remarked, these people who trod the long road in search of relief, will, bring Mr. Whitebeard back, in the hopes of Vikas delivered to the country by the Mahapurush. In this country, where anything and everything is seen through the lens of religion, when millions lost their jobs, people died standing in bank and ATM queues, the economy went for a toss, thieves were allowed to escape right below our noses, and the country was sold to a select few, the three magic words will do the trick before the time comes to decide who is to rule, and you know which.

          • An Indian who says “Balls to Religion” : Brilliant post Sir !

            I wish I had seen this a bit earlier. I hope to see more of your posts here – reassuring to find a few oases of sanity such as yourself and Mr Anurag Sahay in this vast desert of Hindutva.

  15. Whatever media says about Modi, the fact is he is still today the most favorite and dependable leader of common man in India. Period

      • Nothing with facts in your article you are only crying that Modi government lying and lying no evidence at all by the way you don’t know CAA and pain of people who faced life threatening situations in South asian Muslim countries. Indian Govt passed CAA too late.

  16. I started reading the article with an open mind. i was expecting some really hard facts with data which would be convincing and tease my thought process to read more and collect more info. But the complete piece is so subtle , superficial that it made me feel as a wastage of time . The writer should make it more data based and analytical .

    • Totally agree with you. You can expect Op-eds to be divisive and maybe even controversial. But this is neither… Not thought provoking enough to garner a debate. Ridicule? Perhaps yes. Not well written or supported for sure. Writer needs to learn his craft better.

  17. So according to theprint sonia gandhi shid be the pm and govern the country who is just the muslim head. Fuck this. MODI KI JAI

  18. A “chittingbaz” Sarkar from top to bottom!1 It has no morality…no character….just doing false promise and showing Lolypop to the public1 And every one…from reporter…to judges…to acamedicians…to cinema idols are dancing to the tunes of Namo !! Worst Sarkar in the history of India!! Personally…I switch over to other foreign channel whenever the politician’s figure s comes up as image!! I hate them !!!

  19. You are a great preacher and I am very happy and proud that you are able to write this big article on Modiji scheme. It’s great that you have understood what Modiji means and now it’s confirmed that you are the next pappu who is always making great contributions for breaking the economy and using divide and rule in this crisis time also as his forefathers did because they are scavengers like you

  20. Superr….. We hope Congress as a whole especially their spokespersons should take this tuitions….. Cut the supply chain of the liar party BJP and it’s head master Narendra Modi.
    Wake up RG… Stop firstly mentioning about NM….

  21. Dont talk nonsense, as if you and me are not liars. Opposition is liars and cheats and anti nationals. So chose between the devil and deepsea. What choice do u have. In other countries it is equally bad or worse. World had changed brother. Thank you

  22. Do you get paid in peddling lies and hatred day in and day out ? Did some one tell you that you and your views are obsolete and not relevant. But anyways , so write more. It is entertaining and keeps you busy ?

  23. Why do the people who are lied to every day go and vote for the same BJP?

    The answers given are all true, but there’s one more. The fact that the Hindutva-pushers and the Parivar-wallahs have got a sure-shot supporter that will help their agenda

  24. Agree with most of the points. However, I do not agree with the ‘compete with fake news peddler’. It might work for international relations perhaps, but still countries shouldn’t do it on pronciple. The common people will be battered by a typhoon of fake news, not knowing what to trust, polarizing opinions, making them cynical and forcing them to trust on reactionary instincts like xenophobia. Also it’ll lead to loss of credibility of the opposition. Also there’s the problem which progressives face and which is amplified by social media – the very act of progressive work brings contempt and derision from community at large. In this, they should use social media, creatively and qualitatively, competing with them in volume, to spread their policies, reasons for change, obstacles one encounters, with ideas and leaders that common people can look up to. Not peddle fake news of their own.

  25. If you think that respected prime minister modi Jim’s government is making lies then keep it for yourself ,many of the migrant workers in our locality came safe and sound with no cost ,not everyone is suffering and there should be a proper reason for govt to charge fare , why dont tou donate money for it? Every celebrity and an employee helping people and covid victims stop blaming and start saving the people , seems like someone tipped the money to make this againt modi ji

  26. Shivam Viz openly lies in writing; he is FAKE NEWS. He is just trying to get his 15 seconds of fame by abusing India. Sad, but true.

  27. Forget about Modi Lies. At the end of the day he is our own Prime Minister and we need to allow him time to recover from this unprecedented pandemic. He and his Goverment is doing its best.

    But why don’t you expose the biggest lie of the century – The Corona Virus Hoax. That there is neither any Cororna Virus nor any Corona infection or Corona death – but it is a massive hoax to vaccinate 135 crore Indians as well as the rest of the world and make all of us ill and survive for rest of our lives on vaccines ???

    Instead of wasting your energy in exposing the lies of our Government, why don’t you go after Bill Gates and Tony Fauci and Terdos Adhanom and the fraudulent pharmaceutical companies which have allegedly conspired to shut down the world and have destroyed our lives ???

  28. Forget about Modi Lies. At the end of the day he is our own Prime Minister and we need to allow him time to recover from this unprecedented pandemic. He and his Goverment is doing its best.

    But why don’t you expose the biggest lie of the century – The Corona Virus Hoax. That there is neither any Cororna Virus nor any Corona infection or Corona death – but it is a massive hoax to vaccinate 135 crore Indians as well as the rest of the world and make all of us ill and survive for rest of our lives on vaccines ???

    Instead of wasting your energy in exposing the lies of our Government, why don’t you go after Bill Gates and Tony Fauci and Terdos Adhanom and the fraudulent pharmaceutical companies which have allegedly conspired to shut down the world and have destroyed our lives ???

    • The PM needs to recover from this pandemic, really? (yawn)
      And by the way, nobody needs to live the rest of his/her life on vaccines, please get that fact right. If you thought this was a hoax for pharma companies to reap a trillion dollar profit, then what according to you had made 65 lakh people ill and 3.8 lakh dead, globally?

  29. Looks like Print going back to its hate speech and leftist propaganda with cheap journalism. I had just high hope of balanced viewpoint, criticize where wrong and praise where right.

    This article, with its highly inflammatory headline, is actually against current government policy in its delivery of relief package; which is criticizes because free money was not given. Where print itself in its various article has praised the governments strategy.

    Its ok to present both side of arguments, but not like this; with such a clickbait inflammatory headline.

    Seriously, this is one day after I headed Mr. Gupta’s appeal for donation and donated INR 5,000/- as I believed that Print was giving balanced viewpoint without resorting to cheap journalism. Print, please tell me how can I take my donation back

  30. Print is the most anti national and biased media.

    Anyone here please don’t take them seriously and try to avoid there news.

  31. Only ignoramuses waste time to peruse such puerile Desh Drohi stuff. To me the headline and intro suffice. You are a gang of hard-boiled alligator eggs.

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