The Europa Clipper orbiter mission will travel over 2.9 billion km to reach Jupiter’s moon by April 2030. It will probe Europa’s water dynamics & chemical processes to study habitability.
ESA’s Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer on 8-yr mission to planet's 3 largest moons, Ganymede, Callisto & Europa, which have large underground oceans, making them potentially habitable.
While shallow water processes have been suspected on Europa, if findings of study are confirmed, it could mean they play bigger-than-expected role in shaping its surface features.
UCBs accounted for 1.8% of total industry credit in September 2025—down from 2.2% five yrs ago—showing that they are losing ground to faster PSU banks.
This is the game every nation is now learning to play. Some are finding new allies or seeing value among nations where they’d seen marginal interest. The starkest example is India & Europe.
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