Planning Commission couldn't tackle unemployment because new job opportunities in large-scale industries producing consumer goods were not created, wrote GN Lawande in 1963.
In 1991, as in 2025, the report cards of these two economic trajectories remain underwhelming. But as economists see it, politics got in the way each time.
The First Five-Year Plan was presented before the Parliament on 9 July 1951. The target GDP growth of the plan was 2.1%, but the country recorded a growth of 3.6% that year.
In this excerpt from his book 'Beauty of All My Days', Bond recalls memories of him having seen and heard Nehru as well as his conversations with Morarji Desai, Acharya Kripalani.
The Nirouyeh Vijeh Pasdaran Velayat, or NOPO, was the only force Ali Khamenei trusted.It was founded in 1991 and is more feared than the Revolutionary Guards.
Rating democracies is a tricky business. I am only using the simple metric of who in the Indian subcontinent has had the most peaceful, stable, normal political transitions and continuity.
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