It was a Jallianwala Bagh-like situation. Several West Bengal Police patrol boats and two BSF steamers encircled an island in the Sundarbans on 26 January 1979 and ruthlessly ‘enforced’ an economic blockade. That island was called Marichjhapi. On 31 January, when the islanders protested, they were fired at.
This went on for days. Many say 5,000 to 10,000 people, including children, were killed. Jyoti Basu’s information minister at the time, Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee, announced that the island had been cleared of ‘illegal occupants’.
It was one of the worst massacres independent India had witnessed. But it was buried successfully by the Left government. Forty years later, the wounds of the Marichjhapi Bengali refugees, most of whom were Dalits, appear to be weighing heavy on the Lok Sabha elections in West Bengal this year.
Marichjhapi is now becoming a symbol of all that is wrong with the Left politics, especially their politics towards the most marginalised people. To date, the citizenship issue of refugees, including those who survived Marichjhapi, is still pending, even under the Mamata Banerjee-led TMC rule.
When the BJP promised that all Hindu migrants from Pakistan, Bangladesh and Afghanistan will be given Indian citizenship, and got the Citizenship (Amendment) Bill, 2016 passed in the Lok Sabha, it raised the hope of the Bengali migrants. Their second and third generations are still waiting for a postal address to call their own.
Also read: The Left massacre of migrant Hindus in Bengal that was bigger than 2002 & 1984
What happened at Marichjhapi?
It is said that the Royal Bengal Tigers of the Sundarbans became maneaters after they feasted on the bodies of the people killed at Marichjhapi. But India has long forgotten the story of the island.
After Partition, several Dalit and lower caste Hindus decided to stay back in then East Pakistan (now Bangladesh). They thought their socio-economic plight was no better than the Muslims. But soon they were persecuted even by the Muslims. This led to the second wave of migration into India.
Most of them were settled by the government in arid and inhospitable areas like the Dandakaranya — a terrain that encompasses Chhattisgarh, Odisha and Madhya Pradesh.
The Left was not in power in West Bengal at the time, but several Left leaders, like Ram Chatterjee, reached out to the migrants and promised them a home back in Bengal when they came to power.
After the Left Front came to power in West Bengal, slowly, many families started migrating back to Bengal and settled in places like Marichjhapi.
Marichjhapi prospered. Schools, hospitals, shops were built. Many residents were involved in pisciculture. But for the Left government, the Dalit refugees became a liability. The government used the excuse of protecting Sundarbans’ biodiversity to wreak havoc on the namasudras or the Bengali Dalits on the island.
An economic blockade and press blackout followed. Survivors say the only tube well on the island was poisoned, boats carrying food and medicine were destroyed, huts were set on fire and women raped. In a matter of days, the island was ‘cleared’.
Deep Haldar, a journalist, has documented the oral histories of Marichjhapi in his upcoming book Blood Island. Haldar’s father also wrote a book called Atrocities on Dalits Since the Partition of Bengal on the larger social issue. Author Amitav Ghosh had written about Marichjhapi in his book Hungry Tide.
Also read: One thing was distinctly rotten about 2002 Gujarat riots: use of rape as a form of terror
Why Marichjhapi matters now
The Marichjhapi massacre never became an issue in West Bengal. It did no damage to the pro-poor image of the CPI(M), the ‘bhadralok’ party, or to the Left Front. After Partition, the Dalit movement almost died in West Bengal. In an era of upper caste Hindu-dominated government and media, Marichjhapi became a footnote. Anandabazar Patrika did publish a few reports on the massacre at the time, but they too did not lead to outrage.
Marichjhapi has come to represent everything wrong with the Left today. After the Muslims, it is perhaps time for the Dalits to desert the Left Front.
The Left lost their Muslim support in Bengal after the Sachar Committee report was published. West Bengal was ranked as one of the worst performing states in providing government jobs to Muslims. The Muslims constitute more than one-fourth of the population of West Bengal, but only 2.1 per cent of them held government jobs under the Left government in 2006.
That proved to be the end of the Left Front’s Muslim story in West Bengal. The Left Front tried to argue that when the country as a whole was faced with the offensive of the communal forces led by the RSS combine, West Bengal maintained communal harmony.
Also read: Left gave a call to defeat BJP & TMC in Lok Sabha elections, but no one took it seriously
After the Muslims, if the Scheduled Casts also desert the Left Front and especially the CPI(M), then its future is doomed in West Bengal. Both the communities comprise more than half of the state’s population.
The first documentation of the Marichjhapi massacre will be read by many people in the coming days. If the Left Front fares badly in these Lok Sabha elections, they should blame it on Sachar report as well as their attitude towards Dalits.
Call it the curse of Marichjhapi, if you will.
Yes it is not clear from the article why CPM first invited the Dalits from then East Pakistan to West Bengal and then proceeded to persecute and execute them. What was the motive? The only reason the article cites is the CPM government claim that resettled Dalits were destroying the biodiversity and ecology of the Sundarbans. That is hardly credible especially at a time when environmental issues were not accorded much importance.
Third class writing. Is this news or opinion or hatred? Dilip Mandal is strongly biased and can’t even explain why this is an issue after forty years.
Pathetic article from print website again. Shows how any Tom dick and Harry is claiming to be an intellectual in the morass of what’s left of Indian journalism
Dilip Mandal has done well to highlight the ills and evils of Left rule.
The perspective krish671 seems incorrect.
The Namasudras in Wast Pakistan were persecuted because their oppressors and persecutors, euphemism for bhadralok who were bbk, better pajoratively known as, KABAB [Kayastha, Brahman & Baidya] of Mulsims had left East Bengal for India. In the absence of their oppressors, the Muslim saw the unfortunate Namasudras as their substitutes. So their anger was directed against them. Now they are relatively fre from previous perspective.
When Bidhan Chandra Roy was Chief Minister of West Bengal, the Left Party had mooted proposal for rehabilitation of the refugees in Marichjhapi but the Government did not agree to it. Basu was then a prominent leader in mooting this proposal.
When Left Democrartic Front formed government with Jyoti Basu as chief minister, the refugees rehabilitated in Dandakaranya went to West Bengal in thousands but they received cold reception from the Left Government. When they reached Marichjhapi, the government laid blockade, did not allow even international humanitarian organizations like OXFAM to carry relief work among the residents who reached Marichjhapi. Their boats carrying relief materials, e. g., drinking water, medicne, baby foods, etc, were sunk in rivers. Ultimately, state offensive under police was launched against the refugees at dead of night. Nobody knows how many people died, how many injured and the number of women violated and vandalised.
The political cost of the follies of Left Front has been immeasurable for them.
Left Front Govt was basically an upper caste government. About 69% of Ministers in Jyoti Basu’s last terms, were KABAB. By the way 65 MLAs were Kayasthas, Basu’s caste men in Left Front, and 62 Brahmans. But Buddhadeb Bhattacharya reversed the psition with 66 MLAs Brahman and 58 Kayasthas.
Some 11 Brahmans MLAs in LDF during Bhattacharya’s regime were Mukherjee, no other party of Front could boast of them.
So, the political price was due.
Bangladeshi Muslims did not persecute the namaduras because there were namasurads but because they are hindus, the casual hand waving of the origin of the problem doesn’t bore well with the author. The author does not explain the motivation of the left front govt either !