Just how little diesel can China get away with using? We’re in the process of finding out.
The country’s refineries produced just 12.9 million metric tons of the fuel in June. Barring a couple of dips during the Covid-19 pandemic, that’s the smallest figure since 2010. Asphalt is in a similar place, back to roughly its lowest levels since Xi Jinping’s presidency began in 2012.
That’s a suggestive trend. No two petroleum products are more directly exposed to the construction industry than asphalt and diesel. The former is used to seal roads to new developments and waterproof roofing materials. The latter powers the fleets of cement mixers, excavators, work trucks and cranes used in putting up new buildings. (Gasoline, in contrast, powers cars, motorbikes and scooters.)
China’s building crash has no historical precedent in terms of scale and size. You have to go all the way back to 2002, just months after the country joined the World Trade Organization, to find a year when the volume of new housing starts was lower than it has been so far in 2026.
Look to those tens of thousands of idled and abandoned building sites across the country if you’re seeking explanations for the way oil imports have fallen at such an extraordinary pace this year.
Site work is drying up. China’s peak building season from March to June is traditionally marked by hundreds of millions of square meters being added to the floor space under construction, as ground is broken on new developments to accommodate the expected demand from new homeowners once the current stock of projects is sold off.
That stage of building can be particularly diesel-intensive, as excavators and mixers prepare foundations and pour concrete. This year, though, it’s hardly happening at all: Just 131 million square meters were added, barely more than a sixth of the rate five years earlier.
The knock-on effect on fuel demand is inevitable. Consider the contrast between March, when refineries were running flat out processing crude that had already left port before Hormuz closed, and June, the latest month for which we have data. Output fell by about 2.5 million barrels a day between the two months. Well over a third of that — nearly 900,000 daily barrels — came from cutbacks to diesel. No other product came close.
Compared to its peak during the chaotic collapse of Beijing’s Covid-Zero policy in December 2022, diesel production is now down by roughly a third. Asphalt, falling more than two-thirds since its high point a year earlier, has suffered an even more dramatic slump.
Right now, many builders are working through an inventory of sites accumulated more than half a decade ago, eking out what little cash they can from finishing off apartments with the help of government urban renewal programs.
With diesel prices rising by about 50% during March, it’s understandable if they have paused work on developments that would struggle to make money in the best of times, in the hope that costs might be more manageable once the Strait reopens.
But the behavior of property developers doesn’t explain everything. Trucks are now switching to battery power at a remarkable pace, as we’ve written. Still, that’s unlikely to be able to explain a drop-off as sudden as we’ve seen. Uptake of battery vehicles has been far quicker by China’s gasoline-consuming car and scooter drivers, but the process of electrifying an entire fleet is gradual. The drop in gasoline output since March has been remarkably quick, but still not as fast as diesel’s slump.
The depth of the demand decline from the crashing housing market has also likely been softened by the way that China’s refiners have switched from making transport fuel to petrochemicals in recent years. Output of plastics and naphtha, a feedstock used in making chemicals, was only just shy of its highest levels on record in June. In recent months, China has been producing a larger tonnage of raw plastics than gasoline.
That reversal may have been accentuated by the disruption in Hormuz, but it looks more like the fulfilment of a long-term trend. Nearly a decade ago, Mukesh Ambani, whose Reliance Industries Ltd. owns the world’s biggest oil refinery at Jamnagar in India, predicted the future of oil lay in petrochemicals rather than fuel. His forecast is now playing out.
Transport, mining, and agriculture still make up the majority of China’s demand, with construction likely accounting for less than a fifth of consumption. But with sales of electric trucks now making up about a third of the total and the government targeting a 40% sales share by 2030, the broader market is falling far quicker than any hoped-for recovery in the building trade.
If filling your gas tank isn’t even more expensive this summer, you should thank China’s abandoned building sites.
Disclaimer: This report is auto generated from the Bloomberg news service. ThePrint holds no responsibility for its content.