Pakistan is a South Asian country and western neighbour of India. It was created in 1947 after being partitioned from India during independence. Founded as a Muslim-majority state, its early years were shaped by leaders like Muhammad Ali Jinnah, its founding father and first Governor-General, and Liaquat Ali Khan, its first Prime Minister.
The country has experienced periods of military rule, political instability, and economic challenges. Currently, Pakistan faces severe economic stress, marked by high inflation and external debt.
With India, although it shares a common past, and the water of the Indus and tributaries, it shares strained relations over longstanding border disputes. Pakistan has fought three wars with India, with border tensions persisting over Kashmir and historical grievances, including the creation of Bangladesh in 1971, further straining relations.
The author has missed out an important aspect.
India’s leadership role in Global South has weakened during Modi era as in most countries of Global South India is perceived as closer to US and its NATO / EU allies. Historically India was was perceived as more friendlier country than China in Central Asia. Lately this is changing. China has completely replaced India in this region. Indi needs to play more dynamic role in SCO if it wants to be an important player in the region. Already BRICS and SCO are more popular in Global South and even European Countries are keen to join BRICS. If India wants to retain its leadership role in BRICS and SCO, has to show dynamism before it is too late.