Israel, located in the Middle East, was formally established as a state on May 14, 1948, following a declaration by David Ben-Gurion, its first Prime Minister. This came after decades of efforts by the Zionist movement and the end of the British Mandate over Palestine.
Israel operates as a parliamentary democracy, with a President as a ceremonial head of state and a Prime Minister as the head of government. The unicameral legislature, the Knesset, consists of 120 members elected through proportional representation. Israel’s economy is highly developed, with a strong focus on technology, defense, and innovation.
In recent years, Israel has worked toward improving relations with its Arab neighbors, notably through the Abraham Accords signed in 2020, which normalized ties with the United Arab Emirates and Bahrain. Despite this, its relations with Palestine and other Arab states remain tense, particularly around contentious issues such as the status of Jerusalem and the future of Israeli settlements in the West Bank.
War broke out in October 2023 and the region plunged into intense conflict after Hamas launched a large-scale attack on Israel. This violence over a year extended significantly to parts of Lebanon and Syria so much so that the ICC issued arrest warrants for Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and former Defense Minister Yoav Gallant, as well as Mohammed Deif, a commander from the genocidal terror group Hamas. A ceasefire came into force on January 2025 with both Israel and Hamas promising to return hostages, however, the broader question of a two-state solution persists amid the dwindling rights of Palestinians and threats posed by insurgent groups.
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