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Marriage stopped her from going to IIT, but she still became ISRO’s top engineer

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A control engineer, V.R. Lalithambika says she owes her interest in science to watching rocket launches with her grandfather at home.

Bengaluru: When Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced in his Independence Day speech that India would launch its first human space flight by 2022, it was celebrated as yet another giant leap on the horizon for India’s space programme.

But V.R. Lalithambika doesn’t make much of the fanfare surrounding the mission.

The ISRO veteran leading India’s human spaceflight programme says the safety of the astronauts the agency aims to send to space is her sole focus.

“The human spaceflight programme (HSP) is totally different from my previous jobs in some ways,” Lalithambika told ThePrint in her first interview since being appointed the programme’s director.

“But the basic principles don’t change. Instead of ‘mission critical’ (where a failure is just loss of objective), it will be ‘safety critical’ (where a failure is serious damage to environment or loss of life),” she added, seated at her desk at the headquarters of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) in Bengaluru.

A veteran control engineer, Lalithambika has been with ISRO for 30 years and has worked on every rocket in its use today. She was named the HSP director by ISRO chairman K. Sivan hours after PM Modi announced the Gaganyaan project.


Also read: Why IAF fighter pilots are the natural choice for ISRO manned missions


Asked about the programme, she said it was “still too early to say much”. “We are at the stage of evolving the policy for this programme,” she added.

Lalithambika said the team was not affected much by the public excitement around the Gaganyaan programme.

“Nothing has changed,” she added, pointing towards the young engineers seated around her in the room, engrossed in their work screens. “We are doing this interview here but they are not bothered. They have been given something to do. Their single-minded focus is a feature of ISRO.”

“I understand that there is a very strong national element involved in it, but public excitement doesn’t affect us,” she added, “Like any other ISRO programme this will be accomplished by all of us.”

Nandita Jayaraj | The Life of Science
Nandita Jayaraj | The Life of Science

Watching rockets in the sky

Lalithambika was born in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, where she lived until her transfer to the ISRO headquarters three months ago.

Right from her growing-up days, she was surrounded by engineers — her father, uncle, and, later, her husband. But her curiosity in science was stoked by her mathematician grandfather, with whom she would watch the launch of sounding rockets from the Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station every Wednesday from their home.


Also read: Modi’s space dream – India still doesn’t know the difference between tech & science


After acquiring a degree in electrical engineering from College of Engineering, Trivandrum, Lalithambika aced the GATE exam for post-graduation admission to the IISc and IITs. “I could have gone to IIT-Madras,” she said. However, her parents and elderly grandmother were anxious to get her married. “I was an only child, you see. They fixed my marriage immediately after my engineering course,” she added.

She subsequently enrolled at the same college for an M.Tech degree. It was during this time that she had her daughter.

“I took just 41 days off and depended on a close friend, who made carbon copies of her notes and would come over for joint study sessions,” she added fondly.

Of failure and success

When Lalithambika, all of 26, joined the Thiruvananthapuram-based Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre in 1988, she found herself in the thick of action.

Engineers had just begun developing indigenous launch vehicles, and the first Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle (ASLV) launch had just failed. Three months into her job, she saw a launch fail due to a software error in the control system, the area she worked in.

“It was very challenging when I started. Everything was new, so there was no literature to refer or people willing to give us information,” Lalithambika recalled.

“Newspapers were saying that we were throwing money down the drain. The morale could have been very low at the time,” she added.

However, there was no room for dampened spirits.


Also read: Modi says ISRO eyeing human spaceflight in three years. The claim may not be far off


Lalithambika started working on what would eventually become ISRO’s ‘workhorse’ and flagship product: The Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV). The launch — and ISRO’s next big test — was five years later. This meant long hours at work for the team, which was doubly challenging for the young mother.

However, the PSLV launch in 1993 failed. The second attempt was scheduled for the following year, leaving less than 13 months for the engineers to prepare.

The intensity of that one year is something Lalithambika, now 56, can never forget. “You cannot imagine the kind of work we put in to make sure that nothing was left unaddressed. We had to learn from our mistakes. That has always been the culture at ISRO,” she added.

Lalithambika’s eyes lit up as she recollected the second PSLV launch, which was a success. “We were very young,” she laughed, “And it was a very thrilling experience to get such a complex system right.”

After all these years, Lalithambika insists that launch days still bring the same thrill as before.

PSLV got the next 39 launches right. Otherwise fiercely modest, this is one achievement that Lalithambika admits to being proud of.

“I was involved in the PSLV right from the beginning, especially the autopilot system,” she said, adding that this success had a lot to do with lessons learnt from the previous failures.

‘Everyone here is successful’

Lalithambika makes no bones about the fact that it is difficult to do justice to work as well as family obligations without a strong support system. “When a launch is scheduled, we stretch ourselves thin. There are personal sacrifices, but they are done with pleasure,” she added.


Also read: Rakesh Sharma, the first and only Indian in space, wants to go back as a tourist


In terms of how men and women are treated at the workplace, Lalithambika said ISRO was leaps ahead.

Though the agency doesn’t treat people differently based on gender, she added, it goes all out to ensure the safety of women staff. Women employees are assured late-night conveyance, and the internal complaints committee is taken very seriously.

Despite her journey, Lalithambika is reluctant to call herself “successful”.

“Everyone here is successful, not just me,” she said, “I have been very lucky to work in an organisation with a culture that I relate to, which nurtures and encourages growth of the people.”

Nandita Jayaraj is a Bengaluru-based science communicator and co-founder of thelifeofscience.com, a science media project that focuses on women in science.

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8 COMMENTS

  1. I’m so disappointed with the choice of your headline. The marriage portion is totally irrelevant to be put in the headline. You, the editors at The Print know this. Please make better headline choices next time.

  2. Dear Dr .Lalithambika

    I feel extreme happy that you have been appointed as the project director of HSP. Best wishes for the final success of the mission. It is my deep desire that you and your team will conduct the mission with very high accuracy and safety. Let the glory of the nation soar beyond the sky.

  3. Really heartening to read such writings about very inspiring people. I was fortunate to attend and hear one of her Dr. Kalpana Chawla memorial lecture. Wish best of luck to her and her HSP team.

  4. Our best wishes to Mrs.Lalithambika and the entire team for the wonderful and exciting job being done to send Indians in space.
    We are proud of ISRO for achieving great success in space mission. We are also helping other countries by sending their satellites in space using our launch facilities. However I am curious how much it will benefit India by sending men in space. Is it not possible to achieve the same objective using any robot or other means?

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