While much of the skincare industry capitalises on younger consumers, geriatric individuals should pay attention to their skin problems too. Many of these issues can, in fact, be managed with timely care and attention. In India, like in many parts of the world, adults experience a variety of skin issues influenced by factors such as climate, lifestyle, genetics, and environment. These factors take a greater toll on elderly persons’ skin.
According to the 2011 Census, India has close to 104 million elderly persons (aged 60 years or above), within which 71 per cent live in rural areas and the rest in urban areas. Studies show that over 90 per cent of senior citizens suffer from skin disorders such as seborrheic keratoses (brown patches), skin cancers, warts, and tags among others.
I have treated countless elderly patients with different skin problems. Causes of skin disorders among the elderly include reactions to medicines, age-related conditions like nutritional deficiencies, blood diseases, and liver problems, or other reasons such as lifestyle and diet. That is why geriatric individuals must see a qualified dermatologist.
Other geriatric skin issues are more common and less dangerous. Starting at the age of 40 to 50, ‘laugh lines’ and ‘worry lines’ become more noticeable due to declining skin elasticity, loss of fat between skin and muscles, stress, and obesity. The skin may get wrinkled, saggy, or blotchy. Age spots, which are patches on the skin, start appearing on the arms, hands, and legs. However, these patches vary according to the skin condition.
Skin cancer due to exposure to UV rays and the onset of a precancerous growth are common among the elderly. Individuals above 60 years of age also complain of dry or itchy skin, which happens when oil glands dry up.
People with diabetes, cancer, or those who have undergone surgeries need precise attention to prevent complications such as poor wound healing and infection.
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Why older people need precise care
Elderly individuals need special attention when it comes to skincare, partly because other medical issues they may have can lead to serious complications.
Diabetic patients and chronically unwell or bedridden individuals may develop pressure ulcers, bedsores, or numbness due to poor blood circulation. Such factors make geriatric skincare complicated. In case of injuries, elderly patients require proper examination, medication, and appropriate re-positioning. Potassium permanganate soak is a common first-aid remedy that can be prepared at home to cleanse minor cuts and wounds. Two to three crystals of potassium permanganate can be dissolved in one mug of lukewarm water to make a light pink solution, in which you can dip cotton balls and then pad them on the wounded area. Wash it after five minutes with clean water and apply the medicine recommended by a doctor.
Diabetic patients also frequently complain of dry skin issues. Rather than falling prey to false advertisements, such individuals should focus on improving their diet. Consume a diet rich in omega fatty acids—flax seeds serve as vital supplements. You can also use a transparent soap, as it has more glycerine than translucent or coloured soaps. For cracked feet and hands, I advise a simple yet extremely effective solution of a mixture of glycerine with crushed camphor. Add two tablespoons of crushed camphor to 200 ml glycerine and apply the mixture twice a day. While using body sprays or perfumes, apply them on the clothes and not directly on the skin.
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Preventive measures
For essential geriatric skincare, focus on simple routines that promote skin health and minimise common age-related concerns.
Regularly cleanse: Use a mild, fragrance-free cleanser to gently cleanse the skin without stripping its natural oils. Avoid hot-water showers; use lukewarm water for bathing to prevent excessive dryness.
Moisturise: Apply a rich, hydrating moisturiser immediately after showering to lock in moisture and keep the skin supple. Choose a moisturiser that contains ingredients like hyaluronic acid or glycerin.
Sun protection: Use broad-spectrum sunscreens with an SPF of 30 or more to protect your skin from the sun’s harmful UV rays. Wear protective gear such as protective clothing and wide-brimmed hats, and try to stay in the shade when outdoors. More patients are complaining of skin allergies due to rising pollution levels. Dermatologists have also documented a rise in skin cancer cases due to accumulative skin damage resulting from sun exposure.
Exfoliate: Use a gentle exfoliant once or twice a week to remove dead skin cells and promote skin renewal. Opt for mild exfoliating scrubs or chemical exfoliants appropriate for sensitive and mature skin.
Avoid harsh products: Steer clear of harsh soaps, alcohol-based products, or strong fragrances that can irritate ageing skin.
Maintain adequate hydration: Drink plenty of water to keep the skin hydrated inside out. Consider using a humidifier indoors to maintain moisture levels, especially in dry climates.
Consume a healthy diet: Consume a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins to nourish the skin with essential nutrients. Include foods high in antioxidants to combat free radicals and support skin health.
Exercise regularly: Work out regularly to improve blood circulation, which benefits overall skin health. Consult a healthcare professional for exercise recommendations based on individual capabilities and health status.
Routine check-ups: Go for regular skin check-ups by a dermatologist to monitor skin changes, detect potential issues early, and receive appropriate advice.
Ensure proper wound care: Treat a cut, bruise, or wound as soon as possible to avoid infection. Thoroughly wash the wound and administer the appropriate dressing.
Sleep well: Sufficient sleep allows the skin to rejuvenate and repair overnight. Use comfortable bedding and maintain a relaxing bedtime routine.
Manage stress: Practise techniques such as deep breathing, meditation, or gentle yoga to minimise the impact of stress on the skin. Tailor these skincare practices to individual needs. Consulting a healthcare professional or dermatologist for personalised advice is advisable, especially for older adults.
See a doctor: For any geriatric skin problem, I recommend seeing a qualified doctor or a dermatologist without first resorting to personal treatments based on half-baked assumptions. The earlier the diagnosis, the speedier the recovery.
Geriatric skin problems should never be ignored or taken for granted. It is essential that you see a dermatologist for proper diagnosis and treatment. Skincare and sun protection are essential for maintaining good skin health, especially in the scorching climate of India.
Dr Deepali Bhardwaj is a dermatologist, anti-allergy specialist, laser surgeon and internationally trained aesthetician. She tweets @dermatdoc. Views are personal.
(Edited by Humra Laeeq)