Indian refiners had been importing roughly 1 mbpd of Russian crude in the recent months, and the waiver will effectively allow them to lift volumes above this baseline.
Nearly 50% of India’s crude imports are exposed to the chokepoint. So far this year, India has imported an average of 2.6 million barrels per day (mbpd) from Gulf countries.
As discounted Russian barrels increasingly flow to China, Indian refiners lift more from Saudi Arabia, Iraq and the UAE, while also eyeing Venezuelan cargoes to diversify risk.
Indian refiners are testing Venezuelan barrels again as Russian supply sinks, but analysts say volumes will remain limited due to refinery constraints & supply capacity.
The volume of major arms transfers has risen by 9.2% compared to 2016-2020. The increase is driven overwhelmingly by Europe’s rearming, followed by the Middle East.
Morbi makes 80-90% of India’s ceramic exports. The West Asia conflict has cut its propane supply, shutting 200 factories and threatening 400 more—along with 9 lakh livelihoods.
The Nirouyeh Vijeh Pasdaran Velayat, or NOPO, was the only force Ali Khamenei trusted.It was founded in 1991 and is more feared than the Revolutionary Guards.
Trump has ushered in the age of humiliation. His method is to push around America’s friends rudely and publicly. He knows none of them can afford to fight back.
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