Skincare is often considered an adult concern, but children’s skin also requires attention and proper care. Especially so, owing to the higher stress caused by air pollution and greater exposure to harmful rays due to increased screen time.
Children’s skin is more delicate, sensitive, and susceptible to environmental factors than adult skin, making it more vulnerable to irritation and damage. The skin barrier, which protects against bacteria and environmental pollutants, is not fully developed in infants and young children. This means they are at a greater risk of rash, dryness, and allergic reactions.
Establishing an appropriate skincare routine early on can help maintain healthy skin and prevent future issues. However, parents must also choose their children’s skincare products carefully.
Here’s a comprehensive guide for parents on how to care for children’s skin.
Common skin concerns among children
Before diving into skincare routines, it is essential to understand some prevalent skin issues that affect children:
- Diaper rash: Common in babies, diaper rash arises from prolonged exposure to moisture. Regular diaper changes and barrier creams can help prevent this issue.
- Eczema: This chronic skin condition causes red, itchy patches and is often triggered by allergens or irritants. The most common cause I’ve noticed in my practice of 14 years is detergent dermatitis. Moisturisers and prescribed topical treatments may be necessary for management.
- Acne: As children reach puberty, they experience hormonal changes that can lead to acne. A gentle skincare regime can help maintain clear skin.
- Sunburn: Children have sensitive skin, so inadequate sun protection can lead to severe burns and even long-term skin damage.
- Warts and molluscum contagiosum: Both are viral skin infections that can cause lesions. While they usually resolve on their own, treatments are available if they become bothersome or present on the thumb of a thumbsucking child.
- Marks/scars: Children often fall or get injured, so marks are common. Mosquito bites are another frequent skin concern.
- Fungal infection: Fungal infections are especially common among boys due to a lack of hygiene and sports. They can also be caused by the use of nylon underwear over the more breathable cotton.
Here are the basic steps of an effective skincare routine for children:
Gentle cleansing
For young children and infants, cleaning should be as gentle as possible. Use a mild, fragrance-free cleanser in the bath rather than standard soaps, which can strip natural oils from the skin. Limit bath time to 10-15 minutes in lukewarm water to prevent the skin from drying out. Always prefer translucent or liquid soap.
As children get older, teach them the importance of washing their face twice a day. A gentle foaming cleanser or gel that is fragrance-free can help remove dirt and oil without causing irritation.
Also read: Kaddu, Gugu nicknames reveal a lot about couples. Gen Z doesn’t need commitment to get started
Moisturising
Moisturising is critical for keeping children’s skin hydrated and healthy. Apply a gentle, hypoallergenic and perfume–free moisturiser on damp skin. Parents should look for creams with the following ingredients:
Shea butter: Hydrates the skin and provides a protective barrier
Glycerin: Helps attract moisture
Ceramides: Strengthen the skin barrier
For children with eczema or dry skin, thicker ointments may be necessary. Reapply moisturisers throughout the day, especially in dry and cold weather.
Sun protection
Children’s skin is especially vulnerable to the damaging effects of ultraviolet (UV) rays. Parents should diligently apply a broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher. Here are some tips for sun protection:
Reapply sunscreen: Every two hours and after swimming or sweating
Protective clothing: Use hats, sunglasses, and long-sleeved shirts for additional protection
Shade: Encourage children to play in shaded areas, especially during peak sun hours (10 am to 4 pm)
For children below the age of nine, I would suggest just aloe vera gel on the face every morning and evening. An alternative could be rose water and moisturiser in the morning and a vitamin E cream in the evening.
Specific conditions
If a child experiences a particular skin concern, parents should consult a dermatologist for tailored advice. Over-the-counter treatments may be useful for mild conditions, but persistent issues necessitate professional evaluation and treatment. This is especially true for families with a history of skin issues since it can help diagnose a skin condition early.
Diaper rash: Apply barrier creams containing zinc oxide or petroleum jelly and a few drops of baby oil. Using wet wipes is also a good idea.
Eczema: Use medicated creams as directed by a healthcare provider, alongside a regular moisturising routine. Always apply the cream on slightly damp skin.
Acne: A gentle cleansing routine paired with non-comedogenic (non-pore clogging) products can help. In some cases, the dermatologist may prescribe medication.
Lifestyle choices
Skincare is not solely about products; lifestyle plays a vital role. Ensure that children consume a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and healthy fats—even if it’s to be mixed in with a pizza base or complemented by chocolate!
Hydration is crucial. Encourage children to drink plenty of water throughout the day. Lastly, adequate sleep and physical activity also contribute to overall skin health.
As children grow older, educating them about the importance of skincare becomes essential. Explain the reasons behind each step in their skincare routine. This will help them make informed choices about their skincare as they become more independent.
With proper care and attention, parents can ensure their children’s skin remains healthy, protected, and radiant for the decades ahead.
Dr Deepali Bhardwaj is a dermatologist, anti-allergy specialist, laser surgeon, and internationally trained aesthetician. She tweets @dermatdoc. Views are personal.
(Edited by Prasanna Bachchhav)