Bank of Baroda economic research team calculated per capita subsidy expenditures of major states & found Punjab had highest, followed by Karnataka, Gujarat, Tamil Nadu & Maharashtra.
Data from International Institute for Sustainable Development highlights higher subsidy allocation to renewables comes despite 3% drop in subsidies to energy sector as a whole in FY 2021-22.
The PAHAL scheme was first launched under the UPA government in 2013, and was then revised and relaunched after the Modi government came to power in 2014.
The government will have to do a balancing act, maintaining growth and macroeconomic stability by keeping fiscal and current account deficits within manageable limits.
If no effort is made to consider how a minimum income guarantee is financed, then the expenditure would lead to cuts in public investment & higher borrowing.
In a low trust and low capacity state, voters can resist reform, because they believe the government is either unwilling or incapable of implementing it successfully and equitably.
Beyond the immediate protection of Israel and its borders, which the USA could reasonably commit itself to, it did not need to get into every war in the Muslim world.
When conflict with Iran ends, says the report, area’s key players are likely to reexamine longstanding assumptions & alliances as they determine how best to advance their interests.
Rating democracies is a tricky business. I am only using the simple metric of who in the Indian subcontinent has had the most peaceful, stable, normal political transitions and continuity.
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