India, the world’s most populous country, is a major economic and political power in South Asia. Known for its vast linguistic, cultural, and geographic diversity, India has a rich history that spans thousands of years, with deep-rooted traditions in philosophy, science, art, and religion. Its large population and vast history mark its economic and cultural importance.
While India’s civilization can be traced to the Harrapan era, that is, 1400 BCE, its modern political boundaries were established in 1947 when it gained independence from British rule. It is now a federal parliamentary democracy with 28 states and 8 union territories, with New Delhi as its capital. India has a democratic system with a multiparty political landscape, with the Indian National Congress and the Bharatiya Janata Party being the two dominant national parties.
As one of the fastest-growing major economies, India is a global hub for technology, manufacturing, and services, while also being an agrarian powerhouse. It is a nuclear-armed state and plays a key role in regional and global geopolitics, maintaining strategic partnerships with various nations.
India is one of the most ethnically and religiously diverse countries in the world, home to multiple religions, sects, castes, and tribes. It has more than ten-thousand languages and hundreds of regional dialects, with Hindi and English serving as the two of the 22 official languages. Despite economic progress, India faces challenges such as poverty, unemployment, and environmental concerns, alongside managing its complex social fabric and regional disparities.
SCO is built around the core of the Central Asian Republics. Bookended by Russia for security and China for trade, investment, infrastructure. BRI is key for these landlocked countries. 2. India’s trade volumes are modest. While admitting India and Pakistan, it was conveyed to them that this was not a forum to air their bilateral issues and disputes. For India to gain value from its membership, it will have to exclude heightened tensions with China and Pakistan, or risk marginalisation. One fears that an expanded BRICS to will become, if not anti western grouping, clearly a pole of alternate influence to the West. Indian diplomacy will have to work out how best to gain from membership of SCO and BRICS.