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The inscription of Deepavali on UNESCO’s Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity is a moment of pride not just for India, but for millions across the world who celebrate the festival of lights in diverse ways. This global recognition affirms what people have long known and felt, that Deepavali is more than a religious event or a date on the calendar. It is a living tradition, shaped by values of hope, renewal, community, and the triumph of light over darkness.
UNESCO’s recognition matters because it highlights living practices that are passed down through generations. Deepavali fits this idea perfectly. Across regions, languages, and communities, the festival carries shared meanings while allowing local expression. In North India, it marks the return of Lord Ram to Ayodhya; in the South, it is linked to the defeat of Narakasura; in the East, it is associated with Goddess Kali; for Jains, it commemorates Lord Mahavira’s nirvana; for Sikhs, it marks Bandi Chhor Divas. Beyond India, Deepavali is celebrated with equal warmth in Nepal, Sri Lanka, Southeast Asia, the Caribbean, and in Indian diaspora communities worldwide. UNESCO’s listing recognises this plural spirit.
At its core, Deepavali celebrates light, both literal and symbolic. Diyas lit at doorsteps, rangolis drawn with care, homes cleaned and renewed, and prayers offered for prosperity all reflect a collective desire for better beginnings. Families come together, differences soften, and generosity takes centre stage. Sweets are shared, neighbours greet one another, and markets buzz with life. These simple acts, repeated year after year, keep the festival alive. They also explain why Deepavali has endured across centuries, adapting to changing times without losing its essence.
The UNESCO inscription also places a responsibility on society and the state. Recognition is not just an honour; it is a call to protect and nurture the tradition. In recent years, Deepavali has faced challenges, from excessive commercialisation to environmental concerns related to pollution and waste. While celebration is important, sustainability is equally so. The global spotlight should encourage a shift towards greener practices: fewer crackers, more community lighting, eco-friendly decorations, and mindful consumption. Preserving heritage in the modern world means allowing traditions to evolve responsibly.
There is also a cultural dimension to safeguard. Intangible heritage thrives through participation and knowledge-sharing. Stories, songs, rituals, crafts, and local customs linked to Deepavali must be documented and passed on, especially to younger generations growing up in fast-changing urban environments. Schools, cultural institutions, and media can play a vital role here by explaining the meanings behind rituals, showcasing regional diversity, and keeping the festival rooted in values rather than spectacle alone.
For India, the UNESCO listing strengthens cultural diplomacy. Deepavali already enjoys global visibility, with landmarks in several countries lit up to mark the occasion. Official recognition adds depth to this visibility. It offers an opportunity to present India’s heritage not as static or museum-bound, but as inclusive, living, and shared. In a world often divided by conflict and intolerance, a festival that celebrates light, peace, and renewal carries a universal message.
At the same time, the honour should remind us that culture belongs to people first. Deepavali has survived because it lives in homes and hearts, not because of formal status. UNESCO’s recognition does not make the festival important; it acknowledges its importance. The real custodians remain families, artisans, storytellers, priests, shopkeepers, and communities who keep traditions alive through everyday practice.
As diyas glow brighter under global recognition, Deepavali’s inscription on UNESCO’s list should inspire reflection as much as celebration. It is a moment to take pride in a shared heritage, to celebrate diversity within unity, and to recommit to the values the festival stands for. If light is to triumph over darkness, it must do so not only in ritual, but in conduct, through inclusion, care for the environment, and respect for tradition in a changing world.
Siddharth Roy, Civil Engineer, Writer and Columnist
These pieces are being published as they have been received – they have not been edited/fact-checked by ThePrint.